Nicotine
Let's get to know nicotine.
When we hear the word “ nicotine ,” we usually only think of cigarettes. Those who smoke cigarettes often have the wrong idea that smoking is cool. and make it acceptable in society, especially in the youth society This idea is wrong because smoking causes negative effects on the health of both the smoker and those around him. In fact, teenagers can become one or stand out without relying on or being dependent on drugs. As in the guidelines for the project to be number 1. of Her Royal Highness Princess Ubolratana. In fact, nicotine comes in many different forms. And some forms have medicinal benefits. Therefore, we should get to know nicotine better.
What is nicotine?
Nicotine is classified as an alkaloid. And it can be extracted from many species of plants in the genus nicotiana , but the most common species in which nicotine is found is tabacum. Later it was discovered that experimental studies found that there were unexpected effects from nicotine on the brain and body of the addict. Especially smokers, and it has been found that nicotine addiction is most commonly caused by smoking. Less nicotine comes in other forms, such as transdermal patches. Chewable form similar to chewing gum Nasal spray form (nasal spray) Inhaler form (inhaler dispenser)
Chemical formula : c10h14n2
Chemical name : 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine; beta-pyridyl-alpha-n-methylpyrrolidine; (s)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine; 3-(1-methyl -2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine
Physical characteristics : It is a colorless, oil-like liquid, but will turn brown when burned and has an odor similar to tobacco when left in the air.
Pharmaceutical forms found in Thailand include:
Cigarettes, cigars, cigarettes, transdermal patches (transdermal), chewing gum (chewing gum), the latter two are used to treat people who want to quit smoking (nicotine replacement therapy). They are also found in snuff, tobacco as well.
How to get nicotine into the body
– Smoking (such as cigarettes as cigars (cigars) or cigars (cigarettes)), mixing with other substances such as marijuana, heroin, then rolling like cigars and smoking.
– Snuff (snuff) such as snuff
– Chewing (chewing) such as chewing gum, tobacco
– Paste on the skin (transdermal)
etc.
Absorption
Nicotine is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes lining the skin, such as those in the mouth and nose. or inhalation through the lungs The amount of nicotine and how quickly your body receives it depends on how you take it. By inhaling smoke, it has been found that you will receive a large amount of nicotine faster than other methods.
Pharmacology of nicotine
Nicotine affects the nervous system. When taken in low doses, it stimulates the nervous system, causing feelings of happiness. But if consumed in high doses, nicotine can affect the nervous system that controls the hormone system related to secretion. In particular, nicotine increases dopamine in the brain and other substances in the body. When nicotine is consumed, the physical effects that are found are: Make your heart beat faster high blood pressure Resistance to the drug occurs, causing the need to take increased amounts of the drug. And when stopping the drug, it will cause drug withdrawal.
Nicotine poisoning
Acute poisoning symptoms
When inhaled, there may be a burning sensation similar to being burned. Nausea, vomiting, seizures, which may lead to respiratory failure, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, excessive sweating, fatigue, dizziness, confusion. There may be a red rash on the skin. Feeling of burning pain like fire, burning eyes, red eyes. In addition, nicotine can cause effects on the cardiovascular system. including the central nervous system
Long-term symptoms of poisoning
Animal experiments have shown that long-term exposure to nicotine can affect human reproductive cells. and can cause abnormalities in the fetus
Nicotine Toxicity
Nicotine has a value of ld=60 mg. This ld value indicates that nicotine is a highly dangerous substance. While cigars contain up to 100-120 mg of nicotine per cigarette, because in foreign countries it has been seen that nicotine is very dangerous and at the same time the use is very high among teenagers, so we have considered and issued new rules in order to This substance will be controlled more strictly. And currently, in foreign countries, smoking or nicotine use and cigarette addiction are in a crisis that must be addressed quickly because smoking has an impact on the health of many people in the country. and cause nicotine addiction It will have a huge impact on health, society, and the environment.
Can nicotine be addictive?
Nicotine can be addictive. This is especially true for heavy smokers or those who are exposed to other forms of nicotine. in relatively high doses and/or for long periods of time Nicotine addiction Once addicted, it can also be difficult to quit. Recent studies have shown that nicotine can damage the brain. This causes the behavior of addicts to change because the brain is the part that controls the functioning of the organs and controls the expression of various behaviors. Each part of the brain controls different parts and different functions. Therefore, when nicotine destroys any part of the brain of the addict, it will cause changes to the organs or behaviors that that part of the brain controls.
Can nicotine be addictive?
From the study of various information In foreign countries, nicotine is considered an addictive drug and many people are addicted to nicotine alone. (especially cigarettes) than nicotine used in combination with other substances. A study by the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) in the United States found that nicotine is as addictive as heroin. It was also found that people who use nicotine through smoking have a much higher death rate than people who do not use nicotine. Nicotine use causes a much higher cancer rate than non-users, with the cancer rate increasing with the amount of nicotine the user consumes. Additionally, nicotine increases the rate of emphysema, bronchitis, heart disease, and has an effect on the fetus as well. People who are close to secondhand smokers have a higher rate of premature death, even if they do not smoke. And it has also been found that cigarettes or nicotine can damage the brain of nicotine users as well. The United States currently considers nicotine addiction, or cigarette addiction, a major public health crisis. Nicotine is an addictive substance that is considered the first step to other serious drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, etc. The usfda is attempting to redefine the rules governing cigarettes. It will be classified as a "drug" (tobacco as a drug).
Legal control
Cigarettes - Health Protection of Non-Smokers Act 1992 according to the Ministry of Public Health Announcement No. 10, 2002.
Nicotine in paste and gum-like form - Drug Act, B.E. 2510, which was amended by the Drug Act (No. 3) B.E. 2522, according to the announcement of the Ministry of Public Health on drugs. Special Control, Issue 8, B.E. 2534